By A Mystery Man Writer
Lamprey skeleton Cartilaginous - limited skull - branchial basket
Hagfish No true vertebrae - sheath of cartilage surrounding notochord Few skull bones No true vertebrae - sheath of cartilage surrounding notochord Few skull bones
Chondrichthyes skeleton Cartilaginous -limited skull - 3 parts (chondrocranium, jaws, branchial cartilages)
Chondrichthyes skeleton Cartilaginous -Pectoral, pelvic girdles, fin support
Solid bone with complete vertebral column Simple vertebrae that lack interlocking processes One vertebra per body segment - match with muscle masses for coordinated swimming movements
Osteichthyes skeleton Vertebrae modified anteriorly for skull articulation, posteriorly for caual fin articulation
Specialized anterior vertebrae
Better view of posterior vertebrae
Trunk vertebrae Vertebrae in middle are trunk vertebrae of two kinds: those with ribs and those without
Vertebrae Vertebrae without ribs Dorsal process Neural arch with neural spine Neural canal for spinal cord Vertebrae without ribs Dorsal process Neural arch with neural spine Neural canal for spinal cord
Vertebrae Ventral process Hemal arch with hemal spine Hemal canal for primary blood vessels (arteries, veins) Ventral process Hemal arch with hemal spine Hemal canal for primary blood vessels (arteries, veins)
Spines provide support Neural and hemal spines provide support for body musculature Especially long in laterally compressed teleost fishes Double comb appearance
Vertebrae Vertebrae with ribs extending ventrally and dorsally Extend between adjacent muscle masses Dorsal ribs well developed in pike, suckers, minnows Vertebrae with ribs extending ventrally and dorsally Extend between adjacent muscle masses Dorsal ribs well developed in pike, suckers, minnows
Vertebrae in various fishes
>50 bones comprising 5 groups Neurocranium Suspensorium Jaws Opercular bones Branchiohyoid apparatus
Neurocranium Braincase Most of the bones Core of solid bone around the brain plus loosely articulated bones to permit feeding (suction) and respiratory (pump) movements
Suspensorium Bones that connect ( suspend ) the braincase to the jaws
Jaws Upper and lower jaws Change from stiff, biting mouth to flexible, sucking mouth Maxilla (primitive), premaxilla (advanced), dentaries
Opercular bones No equivalent in jawless fishes or Chondrichthyes Primary role in respiratory pumping Advancements (from primitive condition) small, centered on improving efficiency
Branchiohyoid apparatus Floor of the mouth, support for the gills Includes the branchiostegal rays Function in expansion of branchial chamber for respiration, suction feeding
Pectoral girdle Fin rays articulate with radial bones (usually 5 radials) Radials articulate with scapula, coracoid These articulate with cleithrum, others Cleithrum attached to skull Fin rays articulate with radial bones (usually 5 radials) Radials articulate with scapula, coracoid These articulate with cleithrum, others Cleithrum attached to skull
Pelvic girdle Fin rays articulate with basipterygial bone Basipterygials either united with each other, or with cleithrum/pectoral girdle complex in more derived teleosts Fin rays articulate with basipterygial bone Basipterygials either united with each other, or with cleithrum/pectoral girdle complex in more derived teleosts
Dorsal, anal fin support Pterygiophores or interspinous bones
Segmental muscles -Right and left sides separated by vertical septum -Dorsal and ventral masses separated by horizontal septum
Epaxial, hypaxial muscles Above horizontal septum - epaxials Below horizontal septum - hypaxials Above horizontal septum - epaxials Below horizontal septum - hypaxials
white muscles -Red - rich in blood supply - aerobic swimming (slow) -White - poor in blood supply - burst swimming (fast) -Pink - intermediate -Color may be diet-based (carotenoids/crustaceans).
Segmentation of the zebrafish axial skeleton relies on notochord sheath cells and not on the segmentation clock
Skelton & Muscles. Hagfish No true vertebrae - sheath of cartilage surrounding notochord Few skull bones No true vertebrae - sheath of cartilage. - ppt download
Skelton & Muscles. Hagfish No true vertebrae - sheath of cartilage surrounding notochord Few skull bones No true vertebrae - sheath of cartilage. - ppt download
Biology, Animal Structure and Function, The Musculoskeletal System, Types of Skeletal Systems
Skelton & Muscles. Hagfish No true vertebrae - sheath of cartilage surrounding notochord Few skull bones No true vertebrae - sheath of cartilage. - ppt download
Skelton & Muscles. Hagfish No true vertebrae - sheath of cartilage surrounding notochord Few skull bones No true vertebrae - sheath of cartilage. - ppt download
PPT - Left gill (branchial) heart pumps low O 2 b lood to the gills PowerPoint Presentation - ID:2823820
Skelton & Muscles. Hagfish No true vertebrae - sheath of cartilage surrounding notochord Few skull bones No true vertebrae - sheath of cartilage. - ppt download
Why is Hagfish in the subphylum Vertebrata despite having no vertebra/arculia? - Quora
Haemal Arch - an overview
Identification of vertebra-like elements and their possible differentiation from sclerotomes in the hagfish
Skeleton - Bones, Joints, Muscles